Footnotes for quoted material from The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles; Their Nature and Legacy by Ronald Hutton, 1991.

  1. Peter Ucko, Anthropomorphic Figurines of Predynastic Egypt and Neolithic Crete (monograph), London, 1968.
  2. Ian Hodder Contextual Archaeology: An Interpretation of Çatal Hüyük and a Discussion of the Origins of Agriculture, London University Institute of Archaeology Bulletin 1987, 24, pp. 43-56.
  3. See Geoffrey Ashe, The Glastonbury Tor Maze, Glastonbury, 1979, for a sympathetic account.
  4. Caitlín Matthews, The Elements of the Celtic Tradition, Shaftesbury, 1989, sums up her work.
  5. Martin Seymour-Smith, Robert Graves, London 1983. The whole of this book needs to be read in order to understand Graves's attitude to facts.
  6. G. A. Wait, Ritual and Religion in Iron Age Britain, British Archaeological Reports, British Series, 149, pp. 200-3, 231; Isabel Henderson, The Picts, London, 1967, p. 67; P. W. Joyce, Ancient Ireland, Dublin, 1920, i.233-6; Pliny the Elder, Natural History, xvi.95; Stuart Piggott, The Druids, London, 1968.
  7. Strabo, Geographia, 4.4.6; Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia, III.5.6.48.
  8. Thomas Kinsella (ed.), The Tain, 1970, p. 27.
  9. Myles Dillon (ed.), The Cycles of the Kings, London, 1946, p. 31.
  10. Maire MacNeill, The Festival of Lughnasa, Oxford, 1962, p. 3.
  11. Jeffrey Gantz, Early Irish Myths and Sagas, London, 1983, passim; T. G. E. Powell, The Celts, London, 1963, p. 152; Proinsias MacCana, Celtic Mythology, London, 1983, pp. 126-8; Myles Dillon (ed.), Cycles of the Kings, London, 1946, p. 28; Wait, Ritual and Religion in Iron Age Britain, pp. 228-9; Lady Gregory (ed.), Gods and Fighting Men, London, 1905, pp. 165-8.
  12. Jeffrey Gantz (ed.), The Mabinogion, London, 1976, pp. 61-3, 130-3; Geoffrey Ashe, The Landscape of King Arthur, Exeter, 1987, p. 169.
  13. Wait, Ritual and Religion in Iron Age Britain, p. 201; T. D. Kendrick, The Druids, London, 1927, pp. 117-18.
  14. Pliny, Natural History, xvi.95.
  15. All of the above details are taken from D. A. Binchy, The Fair of Tailtu and the Feast of Tara, Eriu 1958, 18, pp. 123-4, 128-31.
  16. Martin Hening, Religion in Roman Britain, p. 37; T. D. Kendrick, The Druids, London, 1927, pp. 94-8.
  17. Bede, Works, ed. Rev J. A. Giles, Oxford, 1843, book 4, pp. 178-9.
  18. Herwig Wolfram, History of the Goths, Berkeley, 1988, pp. 106-11.
  19. Nicholas Orme, St. Michael and his Mount, Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 1986-7, n.s., 10, pp. 32-4.
  20. For different treatments of these themes, see Margaret Alice Murray, The Witch Cult in Western Europe, Oxford, 1921, p. 13; Stewart Farrar, What Witches Do, London, 1971, p. 93; Caitlìn Matthews, The Elements of the Celtic Tradition, Shaftesbury, 1989, p. 83.
  21. See the testimony of Isobel Smyth in Murray, The Witch Cult in Western Europe. p. 110
  22. For an easy summary, see Kathleen Hughes, The Church in Early Irish Society, London, 1966.
  23. First cited as significant in Rose Jeffries Peebles, The Legend of Longinus, Bryn Mawr, 1911, pp. 209-10.
  24. For the English evidence, see the accumulated data in the successive volumes of Folk-lore, of the Country Folklore series published by the Folk-Lore Society, and of the Folklore of the British Isles Series published by Batsford.
  25. Richard Kieckhefer, Magic in the Middle Ages Cambridge, 1989, ch. 3; Norman Cohn, Europe's Inner Demons, Brighton, 1975, ch II.
  26. Printed most accessibly in Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson, A Celtic Miscellany, London, 1951, pp. 263-4.
  27. Cohn, Europe's Inner Demons, pp. 102-3; Jules Michelet, La Sorcière, Paris, 1862; Charles Godfrey Leland, Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, London, 1899.
  28. Murray, The Witch Cult in Western Europe, esp. pp. 97-123.
  29. Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, London, 1971, pp. 514-19; Cohn, Europe's Inner Demons, pp. 102-25.
  30. Hutton lists half a page of references here, ranging from 1969 to 1989.
  31. See in particular Robin Briggs, Communities of Belief, London, 1989, ch 1.
  32. Hutton's figure; other's cite a higher number.
  33. Anthony Weir and James Jerman, Images of Lust, London, 1986, pp. 106-8, 148; Kathleen Basford, The Green Man, Ipswich, 1978.
  34. Roy Judge, The Jack-in-the-Green, Ipswich, 1979.
  35. Ronald Sheridan and Anne Ross, Grotesques and Gargoyles, Newton Abbot, 1975, p. 16.
  36. E.g. J. H. Bettey and C. W. G. Taylor, Sacred and Satiric: Medieval Stone Carvings in the West Country, Bristol, 1982, pp. 6-10.
  37. Lizette Andrews Fisher, The Mystic Vision in the Grail Legend and in the Divine Comedy, New York, 1917, summarizes the earlier debates. Material has been added here from Alfred Nutt, Studies on the Legend of the Holy Grail, Folklore Society, 1888; Peebles, The Legend of Longinus; Jessie L. Weston, From Ritual to Romance, New York, 1957 (reprint).
  38. John Matthews, At the Table of the Grail, London, 1984; Prudence Jones, The Path to the Centre, Wiccan Publications 4, 1988.
  39. Kathryn A. Klar, What Are the Gwarchanau?, in Brynley F. Roberts (Ed.), Early Welsh Poetry: Studies in the Book of Aneirin, Aberystwyth, 1988, pp. 97-137.
  40. David Dumville, Sub-Roman Britain: History and Legend, History 1977, 62, pp. 173-92.
  41. See Robert Ackerman, J. G. Frazer: His Life and Work, Cambridge, 1907.
  42. Francis King, Ritual Magic in England; Ellic Howe, The Magicians of the Golden Dawn, London, 1972; Israel Regardie, The Golden Dawn, 4 vols, London, 1937-40.
  43. E.g. Stewart Farrar, What Witches Do, London, 1971; Janet Farrar and Stewart Farrar, The Witches' Way, London, 1984; Doreen Valiente, Witchcraft for Tomorrow, London, 1978, The Rebirth of Witchcraft, London, 1989.
  44. An Anglo-Saxon word meaning "knowledge." It appears in Gerald Gardner, The Practice of Witchcraft, London, 1959, as the formal name for his cult.
  45. Janet Farrar and Stewart Farrar, The Witches' Goddess, London, 1987, pp. 11, 18.
  46. It was long thought that "paganus" meant "countryman," as Christianity was initially an urban religion. But Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians, London, 1989, pp. 30-1, argues convincingly that it is as least as likely to have meant a civilian, one not enrolled in the army of God.
  47. Valiente, Witchcraft for Tomorrow, An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present, London, 1984 (reprint), The Rebirth of Witchcraft; Caitlín Matthews and John Matthews, The Western Way, London, 1985; Farrar and Farrar, The Witches' Way, The Witches' Goddess, The Life and Times of a Modern Witch, London, 1988, The Witches' God, London, 1989; Vivianne Crowley, Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Age, Wellingborough, 1989; Starhawk, The Spiral Dance, San Francisco, 1979; Prudence Jones and Caitlìn Matthews, Voices from the Circle, Wellingborough, 1990.
  48. Margot Adler, Drawing Down the Moon, second edition, Boston, 1986, pp. 49-523 and Crowley, Wicca, p. 47.
  49. E.g. in the section on Arianrhod in Farrar and Farrar, The Witches' Goddess.
  50. Adler, Drawing Down the Moon, p. 93.

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